The 27th Conference of Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is expected to focus on whether developed nations that have emitted most of the carbon dioxide historically should compensate for ‘loss and damage’ to developing countries that have not contributed significantly to the problem and are the least prepared for its impacts. Civil society and social movements in the global South emphasise that the success of COP27 will rely on whether the negotiations will usher in policies based on social equity, climate justice, and human rights to address loss and damage. Contents: – Climate change-induced loss and damage – Loss and damage in climate negotiations – Issues related to addressing loss and damage – Building blocks of loss and damage action