At the Rio Summit in 1992, the growing problem of climate change driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions led to the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Ratified by nearly 200 countries over the years, the treaty is fleshed out through its annual Conference of Parties (COP), with the Kyoto Protocol (KP) adopted at COP3 in 1997 as the most important so far.